Scientific Management
- Theory / Concept Name
- Scientific Management
- Description
Scientific Management (Taylorism)
Frederick Winslow Taylor's Scientific Management (1911) applies scientific analysis to improve worker productivity.
Four Principles
- Replace rule-of-thumb methods with scientifically determined best methods for each task.
- Scientifically select, train, and develop each worker rather than leaving them to train themselves.
- Cooperate with workers to ensure all work is done according to the developed principles.
- Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers — managers plan and train; workers execute.
Key Techniques
- Time-and-motion study: Break tasks into elements, time each, and eliminate wasted motions.
- Differential piece-rate system: Workers who meet the standard output receive a higher rate per piece; those below receive a lower rate, incentivising productivity.
- Functional foremanship: Specialised supervisors each responsible for one aspect of a worker's job.
Criticism
Treats workers as economic units; ignores social and psychological needs.
- Theorist / Pioneer
- Frederick Winslow Taylor
- Year
- 1911
- Category
- Classical